Anzaldua

Summary.

In Anzaldua's article, "Tlili, Tlapalli: THe Path of the Red and Black Ink", she talks about personal stories and about her being a feminist. She said how she loved to read and it was something she would do at night before bed. The audience of this article can be feminists and or people who like to read about feminism.

Response	Quotation
I thought this was interesting because it relates back to structure of.. well, anything really. I like it.	"I can see the deep structure, the scaffolding" (220).
This is how and why I related this article to McCloud.	"When I don't write the images down for several days or weeks or months. I get physically ill" (222).
I liked this because it is talking about imagination. I like to use my own imagination.	"Sometimes I put the imagination to a more rare use" (223).
I like this because it is talking about the soul. It is like putting your heart into whatever it is you like to do.	"My soul makes itself through the creative act" (224).

Synthesis.

This article can be related to Flynn's article because both are dealing with feminism. A second person that this can be related to is McCloud. I say this because in Anzaldua's article she talks about writing down or drawing out an image to get it out of her thoughts and onto paper. Finally, Swales can be related to this because that article deals with discourse communities and feminism in itself is it's own discourse community.

Thoughts.

Overall, I thought that this article was pretty boring. I wasn't too interested in the article topic in the first place either. It was somewhat interesting to read about her personal feelings and stories and whatnot but I wasn't a fan. I am not sure that I would read this again.

Lamott, King, Diaz.

Overall, I didn't have a problem with this article. It wasn't one of my favorites, but I thought it was very interesting. Learning new things is always fun.

Response	Quotation
I agree with this. I feel that this happens with everyone.	"For me and most of the other writers I know, writing is not rapturous.  In fact, the only way I can get anything written at all is to write really, really shitty first drafts" (302).
I felt this was a little extreme but it was funny. Everyone always has a choice.	“It's not like you don't have a choice, because you do - you can either type or kill yourself” (301).
I like how this was compared to a child's draft. I don't know why. It is like making everything simple.	"The first draft is the child's draft, where you let it all pour out and then let it romp all over the place... knowing that you can shape it later" (302).
The reason I chose this was because it painted a picture in my head and I thought of my own basement and that brought back good memories.	"I'm in another place, a basement place where there are lots of bright lights and clear images. This is a place I've built for myself over the years. It's a far-seeing place" (305).
Just keep writing. I liked that a lot. It is like never give up.	“Even when there is no hope, even when nothing you do shows any signs of promise, you keep writing anyway” (Diaz 320).

Cixous

Define whiteness, marginalized and heterotypical.

Whiteness- white |(h)wīt| adjective1 of the color of milk or fresh snow, due to the reflection of most wavelengths of visible light; the opposite of black:2 belonging to or denoting a human group having light-colored skin (chiefly used of peoples of European extraction):
3 counterrevolutionary or reactionary.Contrasted with red ( sense 2 of theadjective).
In colorimetry, whiteness is the degree to which a surface is white. An example of its use might be to quantitatively compare two pieces of paper which appear white viewed individually, but not when juxtaposed.
Marginalized-marginalize |ˈmärjənəˌlīz| verbtreat (a person, group, or concept) as insignificant or peripheral: (as adj.marginalized)marginalization |ˌmärjənələˈzāSHən |noun
Social exclusion is a concept used in many parts of the world to characterise contemporary forms of social disadvantage. Dr. Lynn Todman, director of the Institute on Social Exclusion at the Adler School of Professional Psychology, suggests that social exclusion refers to processes in which individuals and entire communities of people are systematically blocked from rights, opportunities and resources (e.g. housing, employment, healthcare, civic engagement, democratic participation and due process) that are normally available to members of society and which are key to social integration.
Heterotypical-het·er·o·typ·ic (ht-r-tpk) also het·er·o·typ·i·cal (--kl)

adj.1. Biology Of, relating to, or being the reduction division of meiosis.2. Of a different type or form.

Derogatory term for attitudes and behaviors typical of straight people and straight culture. (Obviously a play on the world "stereotypical".) It can either refer to a gender-schematic view of the world or to conservative attitudes about sex and relationships. "Heterotypical." The Free Dictionary. Farlex, 2009. Web. 25 Nov. 2012. <http://www.thefreedictionary.com/heterotypical>.Interneter. "Urban Dictionary Is the Dictionary You Wrote. Define Your World." Urban Dictionary. LLC, n.d. Web. 26 Nov. 2012. <http://www.urbandictionary.com/>. Thoughts. Personally, when I saw the word whiteness I thought of the color white. Then I thought about myself because yes, I am white and then I thought about my house because it is white. When I saw the word marginalized I though about myself because in high school I was somewhat marginalized in my class because of my political views. I then thought about African Americans and how they were marginalized throughout all of history. When I saw the word heterotypical I thought of the word "different." I am not sure why but this was a term that I really didn't understand and now I get it after looking into it more. Response Quotation I liked this. This made me think about my dreams for the future of my life for some reason. “The new history is coming; it’s not a dream, though it does extend beyond men’s imagination, and for good reason” (pg. 252). I was unsure about this. I didn't really understand how the word “haunted” fit into this sentence. I guess it is just personal. "I have been amazed more than once by a description of a woman gave me of a world all her own which she had been secretly haunting since early childhood" (247). I did not understand this at all. I learned what phallocentric means. "It has been one with the phallocentric tradition" (249). Again, I was just lost by this. I am not sure what is trying to be said here. “Let us not be trapped by an analysis still encumbered with the old automatisms” (254). I liked this quote. It can be taken into my personal life. I like the “let nobody threaten you”. “Let nobody threaten you; in satisfying your desire, let not the fear of becoming the accomplice to a socially succeed the old-time fear of being ‘taken’” (257).

Alexander (What is the point of reading about this?)

Synthesis.

Alexander's article, "Transgender Rhetorics:(Re)Composing Narratives of the gendered body" can be related to some people that we have just read about. One person is Malinowitz. I say this because she talks about gay and lesbian discourses. A second person that can relate is Flynn. Flynn talks about the feminist inquiry which can relate to Alexander's article. This can also relate to Swales because of fitting into a discourse community. (Basically everyone that talks about discourse communities can fit into this synthesis).

Response

Quotation

I like how this set up the article.

"This essay attempts to demonstrate how transgender theories can inspire pedagogical methods that complement feminist compositionist pedagogical apporches to understanding the narration of gender as a social construct" (195).

I do not want to read this article after reading this. WHY ARE WE READING ABOUT THIS?

"As a queer feminist compositionist, I have given a lot of thought to the relationships among narrative, identity, gender, and the teaching of writing" (195).

This is an opinion and it shows voice.

"Over the last three decades, numerous composition scholars who have been influenced by feminist have undertaken an examination of how gender is a multivalent construct whose identity- and community- shaping power needs interrogation in our classrooms, our teacherly performances, and our students' writing" (196).

This is another opinion showing voice.

"Some scholar-teachers have suggested that such identity interrogation along the axes of sexuality and gender is important for both students and instructors" (198).

I am not sure what I think about this.

"In many ways, trans theorists, activists, and writers are equally invested in engendering in others a "critical awareness" about gender and in opening up a "scene of agency, a sense of possibility" about what gender means - and could mean - as a construct that is simultaneously deeply personal and profoundly political" (200).

I do not agree with this.

"Acknowledging the presence of the transgendered is useful not only for understanding those who are differently gendered or whose presentation or experience of gender falls outside our "norms":'but also for helping us interrogate the constructs of gender that we often take for granted as "natural" or "normal"" (200).

Thoughts.

Why are we even reading about this? I didn't like reading about this at all. I am also not taking anything away from this. If anything, reading this article made me more upset. This is pointless information to me and I do not understand why this is relevant to making me a better writer.

Youtube.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=izUQnvlso3E

This relates to this article because she is a transgender and deals a lot with with writing. I do not agree with it at all.

Paper Update.

       Honestly, I haven't been able to put too much time into fixing my edited (peer reviewed) paper. What I have done though is look over everything that was said and have taken note of that. I like some of the comments that were given and I will absolutely take them into consideration to make my paper better. I have also seen where I can make improvements myself to make my paper better too. I am excited to see how far I will come on this paper to make it better.

Smitherman

Before You Read.

Yes I have. I feel like this happens to everyone so I do not feel so guilty. But I judged what they said and everything because it was almost like they couldn't pronounce a lot of words correctly. It bothered me.

Summary.

In Smitherman's article "God Don't Never Change': Black English from a Black Perspective", she basically talks about how and why Black English may not be all that important to criticize students for using it. In her article, she goes from writing English to Black English". This can help both teachers and students.

Synthesis.

One person that can connect with this article is Swales. The reason I sat this is because Swales talks about how to fit into a discourse community just like in Smitherman's article. A second person that can relate to this article is Wardle. I say this because Wardle talks about language, identity and acceptance. Lastly, a third person that can relate to this article is Gee. Gee talks about conflicting discourses and that has a lot to do with what Smitherman talked about.

Response	Quotation
This is just talking about grammar. It is kind of telling what is right and wrong with it.	“A quick look at the tradition of schoolroom grammars and the undergirding ideology of early English grammarians reveals that the current ‘national mania for correctness’ has been around a long time” (189).
This is voice being shown in this article. I like what is being said.	“So Americans, lacking a fixed place in society, don’t know where they be in terms of social and personal identity” (190).
This made me sad to think about war. But also happy because of men who are giving their lives for me. God Bless.	"The reason the war in China is bad is that American boys is dying over there" (192).
Not sure. It isn't like it is a completely new language or anything.	"And isn't it interesting that these Superficial features of BI are easily translatable into WE?" (193).
	QD 7.

I think one reason could be because of the amount of power. The disenfranchised individuals do not have too much power and because of that they fear of being taken over or lost of the dominant discourse.

Thoughts.

I thought this article was very interesting. I was not the biggest fan of it, but compared to some of the other articles we have read, I didn't dislike it too much. One thing I liked about it was that it was so different and unexpected. I don't think I would want to ever read this again though.

Flynn

Before You Read.

All throughout school while growing up I have had both male and female teachers and students in the classroom. From what I can remember, no my teachers did not treat male and female students any differently.

Summary.

In Flynn's article, " Composing as a Woman", she basically talks about the differences between men and women composing text. A lot of different factors play into the way that men and women write. Not only does she talk about this, but also about how each gender interacts differently in certain social situations.

Synthesis.

One person that can relate to this is Bernhardt. The reason I say this is because both of these articles have to do with women (and the study of women). A second person that can be related to this is Wysocki. I say this because Wysocki discussed the importance of women. Finally, a third person that can be related to this article is Baron. I say this because Baron talked about social influence because of how different men and women are.

Response	Quotation
This is just saying how women's voices have been shut down. I feel that with overtime (clearly) this got better and still is becoming better.	“Women’s perspectives have been suppressed, silenced, marginalized, written out of what counts as authoritative knowledge. Difference is erased in a desire to universalize” (157)
This just goes to show that men and women are different and because of that, their writing will always be different.	“Feminist research and theory emphasize that males and females differ in their developmental process and in their interactions with others” (157).
To me, this just went to show/tell me that this is a way how the men and female thought process is different.	“Jim does not emphasize his fear, despite the fact that his situation was more threatening than the one Kathy described” (161).
Yes, men have a dominance when it comes to women. This still doesn't give us men any better chance of judging them.	“Men become the standard against which woman are judged.” (157)

QD 3.

What I get from that is that women's voices aren't always being heard especially when it comes to writing. I also feel that minorities are silenced still to this day just as women were before.

Thoughts.

I thought this article was interesting. I am not sure that I would ever read it again and/or tell someone else to read it. Anyways, when it comes down to writing, I had never thought about how different it could be because of men and women. Finally, I just didn't like how she said what she had to say whether because it was so strong or because the topic got boring to talk about.

Project 3 Progress

Actually, I am very busy this weekend so I am done with the draft of my project 3 paper. I was able to relate somewhere between 6-10 (if I remember correctly) of the authors that we have been reading about in class and also three other online sources. I feel that it is a good paper though there is room for some improvement. Once again, relating back to my last paper, does it matter if it flows?

Also, I was able to really relate to my own discourse community so I am glad I chose what I did. It really helped me realize what I have and what I don't want to lose. Writing this paper make me think back to my young self and think about just starting off with music. If it weren't for my dad pushing me in school to learn an instrument, I would not be where I am today. Overall, I am very grateful to be in such a loving discourse community; THE 110 OHIO UNIVERSITY DRUMLINE. Once a family, always a family.

Villanueva

Before You Read.

I feel that yes, I have considered myself to be an outsider at some points in my life. And yes, I have had to assert my religious background before.

Summary.

In this article, "Memoria is a Friend of Ours: On the Discourse of Color", Villanueva gives examples of authors who write about their memories and things being minorities. He also really just talks about race and whatnot and says how color can reflect on the author's memories. He also talk about communities and discourse.

Synthesis.

One person that can be related to this article is Porter. I say this because Porter talks about intertextuality and discourse communities. Also, Heilker and Yergeau because all people can be made fun of from different situations. Another person that can be related is Bryson. Bryson talks about force of habit that can be very difficult to break.

Response	Quotation
This was a connection with me because my grandpa speaks Spanish.	“Remember to call your grandpa abuelo. He'll like the sound of that, since none of my sister's kids have called him that” (171).
Everyone has different memories and things can be remembered differently between people. This just made me think of my personal memories.	“Memory simply cannot be adequately portrayed in the conventional discourse of the academy” (172).
I wasn't sure what I thought about this. I mean yes, clearly, it is true.	“Those of us who are light-skinned don't pass for white; we're just not automatically sorted into the appropriate slot” (174).
This made me think of how far we have come as a country. Also how racism still exists in our world today.	“Yet little things happen that betray the underlying racism that affects us all, no matter how appalled by racism we might be” (174).
I didn't really understand this and the more I read it, the more confused I get.	“I am these uneasy mixes of races that make for no race at all yet find themselves victim to racism” (176).
I am not sure what it is about this, but I really like it a lot. It made me stop and think about myself and what the future is holding for me.	“Looking back, we look ahead, and giving ourselves up to the looking back and the looking ahead, knowing the self, and, critically, knowing the self in relation to others, maybe we can be and instrument whereby students can hear the call” (176).

AE.

I didn't really get it so I Googled it. I got something kind of like, "improving oneself by one's own efforts". I think that a group always needs to stick together to survive in any given situation and stay strong with what they believe in.

Thoughts.

I guess I found this article interesting. The poems were something thrown in writing that I wasn't really used to seeing so that was kind of nice. This was a little boring though and dragged out too. Overall, discourse communities will always be around and everyone belongs in one no matter what they think.

Malinowitz

Before You Read.

I personally think that I am pretty familiar with the term lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender community. I do not need to Google them.

Summary.

Malinowitz basically talk about gays and lesbians fitting into their specific discourse communities. She personally thinks that gays and lesbians hide in fear from the world because we live in a homophobic world. She used a school teacher as an example to back up some of what she was saying. She also went into how we didn't allow women to vote and whatnot because we did not think they were mentally strong enough. Yes, that changed over time. Will the culture accept gays and lesbians just the same over time?

Synthesis.

I believe one person that can be related to this is Swales. I say this because Swales article deals with the six characteristics of a discourse community and gays and lesbians fit into this. A second person that can be related to this is Gee. I say this because Gee talks about being individual and gays and lesbians have to go through that. Finally, a third person to relate to this is Wardle. I say this because Wardle talks about how not to put down others based on ideas and that is definitely a major issue when it comes to gays and lesbians.

Response	Quotation
In the past few years, things have changed in the classroom because of gays and lesbians and the thoughts and actions behind them.	“In the last few years, there had been a subtle but persistent change in the classroom climate around the subject of sexual orientation” (110).
Because of what is going on in our society with gays and lesbians, this is what people are calling what state we are in now.	“We are now in what many activists, lobbyists, journalists, and profiteers have enthusiastically dubbed the “gay nineties” ” (111).
I don't believe this should have changed. It was fine the way it was before. Why change it?	“At the same time, the issue of gays in the military developed to the point where the mantra “Don't ask, don't tell” mandated the hypocrisy of silence as federal policy” (111).
I don't this is correct. This is an opinion and I think will just change everything for the worse.	“Creating an academic environment in which the complexities of lesbian and gay subjectivity can enter public discourse will, first of all, entail “outing” realms of experience, fear, feeling, and prejudice that have not been substantively dealt with in our classes and departments before” (112).
Yes, gays do live in fear. This is just saying how they can still be in fear within the classroom.	“I can hypothesize that the closeted gay students in my classes remain silent our of some of the same fears” (113).
I believe that this is another opinion and homophobia will never change/go away.	“Sexual identity is a component of personal and social identity highlighted for lesbians and gay men because homophobia in the culture makes it problematic” (124).

AE 2.

I am going to choose religion. I am Roman Catholic. We follow what it says in the Bible and we live by that. We also attend mass every weekend. I have not experienced that before and I understand what this question is trying to hint and I do not want to talk about that. The bottom line, it wasn't silenced and  everything is fine.

Thoughts.

Honestly, I did not really enjoy reading this at all. The reason I say this is because I am a Republican and I do not support gay rights. To be honest I skipped over some of the parts in the book because I didn't want to read it anymore. I would not read this again. It also didn't change my mind about anything.

Discourse Community Topic Proposal

For my discourse community I have chosen to focus on Music. To get more specific, I want to go into depth about drummers because I am one. This can be a very large community on its own because of the amount of different kinds of music that can be created by just drumming. I am apart of the Ohio University drum line and because of that I can interview some and get more information from others and not just from myself. I have been around drums my whole life and I really enjoy them so I hope that this will be a fun project.

Devitt

Before You Read.

I uses lots of different types of communication everyday. I do not have a smart phone but when I am at a computer I use Facebook. I also have my phone to talk and text on. Visual is with my phone and Facebook. Audible with programs like Skype, music, and my phone too.

Summary.

In Devitt's article, "Materiality and Genre in the Study of Discourse Communities", she basically argues that genres a combination of communities working together that are either specialized or non-specialized. She goes on to say how that can be a problem because the specialized and non-specialized people are different and have different lexis'. She also uses authors to prove her point.

Synthesis.

One person that can be related to this article is Porter. The reason I say this is because Porter discusses the intertextuality and community that all people come from which is related to discourse communities. A second person that can be related to this is Swales. The reason I say this is because the main focus around his article is are discourse communities and how people need to learn how to adapt to new situations. A third person that can be related to this article is Gee. The reason I say this is because Gee believed in the idea of singularity in a community.

Response	Quotation
Discourse communities will always be around and popular even if you do not know of them.	“Over the past two decades the concept of discourse community has been one of the most hotly contested notions in the field, subject to the range of by now well-known critiques that claim it is too utopian, hegemonic, stable, and abstract” (98).
For teachers, the concept of discourse communities are limited.	“As a result, the concept of discourse community remains of limited pedagogical value” (98).
Teachers are still trying to teach students all about discourse communities. They are trying different techniques to do so.	“To make communities tangible and their discourse actions palpable to students, writing teachers have begun to use ethnographic research, which, while valuable in locating the study of discourse within the behaviors of real communities, can be difficult to implement in the classroom” (98).
Here, it is talking about the differences between specialists and non-specialists in discourse communities.	“Part of the difficulty when specialized communities write to nonspecialist users lies in technical language, a difficulty commonly recognized and often addressed through defining key terms, but most of the difficulty comes from differences of interest and value that definitions cannot control” (101).
This is talking about a group's social roles, actions and/or genres. All discourse communities have a certain type of genre.	“Ethnographic observation of a community that foregrounds genre analysis allows researchers to explore more fully the complexity of the group's social roles and actions, actions that constitute the community's repeated rhetorical strategies, or genres” (107).

MM.

Personally, I think that the best way to do research is through social interaction. Taking to people in person is much more personable and nice sometimes too.

Thoughts.

Honestly, I didn't really like this article. It was long and boring to read. Yes, I did learn some new things about discourse communities, but other than that, I wasn't too impressed. I did like how there were three different writers though and I was able to connect with some of the things that they said.

Wardle

Before You Read.

Honestly, it is funny now that I think about this. The reason I say this is because I actually am using phrases that we have learned in English that I haven't used before. Also, I am taking Italian and now i can say sentences that I would have never been able to before. And finally, I am using art terms that I didn't know before. Yes, college is a discourse community and it is where I belong.

Summary.

In Wardle's article, "Identity, Authority, and Learning to Write in New Workplaces", she talks about the writer's identity when and through writing and in that person's workplace. She says that it takes a little bit of time to adapt or fit into new workplaces and because of that aren't themselves as much as they should be. She gave an example of how a person didn't fit in because they had to change workplaces and how it took time to adapt.

Synthesis.

One person that this article can be related to is McCloud because I saw that having a mask was necessary for some people to adapt into their new workplaces. A second person that can be related to this is Swales because in that article, it talks about finding a discourse community. Finally a third person that can be related to this article is Porter. Porter also talks about the discourse community which also goes along with what Wardle was saying.

Response	Quotation
To me this is saying that writing is more about just writing; there is a reason for writing. -To persuade people possibly.	“As composition widens its focus beyond academic writing, it is increasingly important to consider what it means to write in the workplace” (522).
We as people may not fully understand how different issues influences other's writing.	“While we recognize the importance of identity and authority issues in the process of enculturating new workers, we do not always fully understand how these issues influence their writing” (522).
We need to understand that workplaces are legitimate and serious work can get done there that can mean something to other people who read work.	“To tease out relationships between identity and writing in the workplace, we need theories that consider the workplace as a legitimate and important influence on subject formation” (522).
New workers need to feel like the belong after learning how to adapt to the new surroundings.	“To fully participate, according to Wenger, new workers must find ways to engage in the work that other community members do, including the writing they do; newcomers must be able to imagine their work-and writing- as being an important part of a larger enterprise” (524).
People know how to speak in different circumstances. Language can be seen very differently be everybody in this world and they can use it as they please even if it isn't the smartest thing to do.	“Conversely, a person can understand clearly how to speak in ways that are acceptable in particular circumstances, but if not endowed with some recognized institutional authority, all the relevant and appropriate words in the world will not command it: “authority comes to language from outside . . . Language at most represents this authority, manifests and symbolizes it” (Bourdieu 109).” (526).
	QD 4.

Personally, yes I do believe that language is usually chosen unconsciously. It really depends on the situation and the person. The reason I say that it can vary is because I do not think about every little thing I say before I do. You're brain would explode if you were processing that much information all of the time and it all just comes natural with time.

Thoughts.

This was a very interesting article. I didn't find it too boring or anything but I am not sure I would read it again. I was however able to learn some new things which I always like. There will always need to be adaption if life to survive.

Swales/Gee

Swales.

Before You Read.

One time I felt out of place was when my uncle took me to a gaming convention. There were so many people there who I thought were very weird and I just kind of felt like I could only connect with my uncle at that place and time.

Summary.

In Swales' "The Concept of Discourse Community", he basically just talks about what a discourse community actually is and compares/contrasts it from a speech community. He gives examples of what a discourse community is and talks about what he personally thinks about them too. Pretty much, if you want to learn what a discourse community is, read this article because it will explain a lot.

Synthesis. (3).

One person that Swales' article can be related to is Glenn's. The reason I say this is because both of these people's articles talk about discourse communities. A second person who can relate to this is Brandt. The reason is because both articles say or talk about something having to do with having sponsors. A third person that can be related to this article is Porter. Again, just like Glenn, Porter also talks about discourse communities.

QD 5.

I would say that the most simple and easiest to understand discourse community that I belong to is college. College by it's self can be a HUGE discourse community but in my case, I am going to break it down into my discourse community of my major; game design and animation. It's lexis can be things or other classes such as drawing, sculpture and computer design. There are a lot of genres involved in this major and they can overlap with more specific animation and game design ideas.

QD 6.

I tried playing in a ping pong club back from my home town. The people there were really different than I was and I just didn't seem to fit in all too well. Even though I was pretty good at playing, I just wasn't "the same" as the other people in the club. They were nice and all, but just not to my liking.

Thoughts.

After reading this I am not able to understand so much more about discourse communities. I will be able to use what I learned and it will help go towards my paper. He wasn't too forceful about what he was talking about so that was nice. And last, I would come back to this to read sometime because there is something to be learned here.

Gee.

Before You Read.

Mush fake: It stands for "prison slang for items owned by an inmate that may be legal to buy, but were constructed or obtained through illegal means, hence they are contraband". "Urban Dictionary Definition"

Summary.

In Gee's article, "Literacy, Discourse, and Linguistics: Introduction", he talks about mushfakes, metaknowledge, literacy and apprenticeship. He basically talks about discourse communities too and different views and interpretations of linguistics. The audience can be people who are in a discourse community and who want to learn more about them.

Synthesis. (3).

Two people right of of the bat that can be related to this article are Porter and Glenn. The reason I say this is because all three of these people talk about discourse communities and help people out who want to may want to learn more about them. A third person that can be related to this article is Pollan. The reason is because like Porter and Glenn,  Pollan also talks about discourse communities and how they affect the factory farm industry.

Response	Quotation
I like how he started off with saying what he was going to talk about and what his main points were. It gives the reader a nice heads-up.	“What I propose in the following papers, in the main, is a way of talking about literacy and linguistics” (482).
I like how he said this because language can be so different and yet confusing at sometimes because of grammar. Grammar can change a lot when it is involved with language.	““Language” is a misleading term; it too ofter suggests “grammar.”” (483).
I like this quote in a way. I think that this is important in anyone's life no matter what it is involving.	“It is not just what you say, but how you say it” (483).
I like this because he is saying that the discourse community that you belong in is kind of who you are and what you like to do is all around you.	“A Discourse is a sort of “identity kit” which comes complete with the appropriate costume and instructions on how to act, talk, and often write, so as to take on a particular role that others will recognize” (484).
This was funny to me because I was able to see that literacy can mean something different to every single person in this world.	“My definition of “literacy” may seem innocuous, at least to someone already convinced that decontextualized views of print are meaningless” (487).
M.M.

I feel that yes, after reading this article by Gee, I am no able to understand my own and other people's experiences a little differently. I can now see what kind of people there are in other discourse communities and can maybe understand why they are there. It is still somewhat judging, but I can understand why more now.

Thoughts.

I think that this was very helpful, for the most part. I was able to learn more about discourse communities and some of that can help me with my paper. One thing that got boring to me was reading it. It just wasn't anything really exciting and I lost interest quickly. Overall, I did learn something, So it wasn't the biggest waste of time I guess.

Compare/Contrast.

Actually, these two articles by Gee and Swales are very similar. The reason I say this is because both mainly focus on discourse communities. They both go into detail about how they feel about them and what they think about them too. Not only do they say their personal feelings, but they also share what it really takes to be in one. Both of these articles are pointed at the same kind of audience and with that, say how it can affect the people that are in certain discourse communities.
     
      Although these articles are very similar, they are also very different. Swales mainly focuses on the certain and specific characteristics or traits of a discourse community. Gee focuses on how the language and literacy of a person can affect what discourse community a person is in. Both of the styles of writing are also different in these two articles because each and every person in this world has their own voice in writing.

Glen and Pollan

Glen.

Before You Read.

I honestly do not know anything about farm animals other than that they can really smell bad after time. Part of me somewhat wishes that I could have a little of that in me, but overall I am happy with what I have now.

Summary.

In Glen's article, "Constructing Consumables and Consent: A critical Analysis of Factory Farm Industry Discourse", she talks about how animals are treated in brought up in factory farms. The food that we see in the stores, we aren't 100% sure where it exactly came from. She also talks about discourse and how that idea is used to give factory farms a bad reputation and how it discourages customers from supporting them.

Synthesis.

I think that this article can be related to McCloud's article because I was able to see the idea of having a "mask". I say this because it seems like what you see may not be what it really is and it is/can be just a cover up. A second person I can relate this to is Baron. I say this because technology is used to make everything more efficient. This can be related to how animals are treated/killed for food. (Makes it easier).

Response	Quotation
I found this quote interesting because I didn't understand it at first but then after reading the entire article it started to make more sense.	“People historically have used other animals as resources” (144).
This is just an opinion and it made me stop and think when I read this first. I personally do not have a problem with the factory farming industry.	“The factory farming industry, I argue, is a particularly compelling manifestation of the Nature as Commodity discourse” (146).
I believe that this is just saying that there are so many types of influences in our world and they try to make us think something specific about a topic whether it is good or bad.	“In sum, Nature as Commodity and Nature as Virtual Reality are particular discursive manifestations (or metaphors) of an overarching technological metadiscourse that influences how we think about the nature and, by extension, other animals” (147).
I found this interesting because strategies are used so much having to do with everything. Again, whether they are good or bad, they will always be used.	“Certainly, this is not a new discursive strategy, nor is it unique to the military or the government” (147).
This is another opinion. I found this interesting because depending on what you personally think, this can be good or bad.	“Dunayer points to numerous examples of factory-farming language that, I argue, constitute doublespeak, and each accomplishes the same objective: using sterile language to hide violence” (147).

Q 1.

The factory farm discourse is the way people are made to see the industry itself. It is seen as that the way the animals are treated are terrible and the living conditions are not suitable. I think that it is wrong to mislead people into thinking that. Just because you think something is wrong doesn't mean you have to bend the truth to make others think and feel the same way as you.

Thoughts.

I found this somewhat interesting. I learned some new things about factory farms that I didn't know before. I still really can not relate this to my own life because once again, I don't know anything about farms. This was an eye opener for me though. I still support slaughtering of animals ONLY if they are doing it not just to kill and for people to eat.

Pollan.

Summary.

In Pollan's article, "Farmer in Chief", he talks about things that are wrong with food systems and what needs to be changed about them. He also basically says that the American diet won't be easy to change from where it is at now. He also talks about how food systems make money and how places do not focus on providing customers with healthy and good quality food.

Synthesis.

I think that this can be related to Glen's article because both touch base on something having to do with misleading people/customers. -Not telling them the truth. A second person this can be related to is Bryson because evolving or trying to change this because it will not work so there is really no point in trying.

Response	Quotation
This hit me because it is a letter to the coming president saying that he needs to deal with food problems in the country.	“Dear Mr. President-Elect, It may surprise you to learn that among the issues that will occupy much of your time in the coming years is one you barely mentioned during the campaign; food” (6).
This is saying how food needs to be more political. People become less aware of what really goes on if they aren't informed.	“While the surfeit of cheap calories that the US food system has produced since the late 1970's may have taken food prices off the political agenda, this has come at a steep cost to public health” (179).
Not only will food impact our country, but foreign countries too.	“The impact of the American food system on the rest of the world will have implications for your foreign and trade policies as well” (179).
This is just saying that today, maximizing the production of food has increased a lot and this can be good or bad depending on how you look at it.	“Today most government farm and food programs are designed to prop up the old system of maximizing production from a handful of subsidized commodity crops grown in monocultures” (?).
This is an opinion. (Most of this article is). This is talking about the difference between local farming and non-local farming and what each can do.	“In the end, shifting the American diet from a foundation of imported fossil fuel to local sunshine will require changes in our daily lives, which by now are deeply implicated in the economy and culture of fast, cheap, and easy food” (190).

Thoughts.

Overall, this was an interesting article. Again, I just don't know too much about farming and whatnot so with that in mind this wasn't one of my favorite articles. However, I do think that Pollen knows a lot of things about the industry and food and is very involved. I'd say I agree and disagree with most of his thoughts and views. It is mutual.

Wysocki

Before You Read.

I really like this add. It really makes you think about what is going on. I feel that it is saying that sending a letter is way more personal and can really make a difference in someones life. I want to write a letter right now to someone!

Summary.

In Wysocki's article, "The Sticky Embrace of Beauty", she first talks about an article that is "lovely" but she isn't too happy with it and doesn't like it. She is upset because there is a picture of a woman and she is very sexual. She thinks that women can only be seen as sexual objects. Then she goes into talking about how artwork is seen by people and then finally explains why she is so angry. She basically just doesn't want society to judge women. Overall, she is writing about how to look at certain visuals.

Synthesis.

I think that McCloud can be related to this article because they both talked about how visuals can be a key point in writing and in a lot of things. A second person that can be related to this is Berger. Berger talked about women and so did Wysocki. A third person this can be related to is Kantz. Both Kantz and Wysocki talked about rhetoric in writing.

Response	Quotation
This was funny because she liked the advertisement but it made her mad. Why did it maker her mad?	“I think this advertisement is a lovely piece of work, but it also angers me” (79).
Again, this was funny because it is so true; that you can look at something and you can have many different emotions about it.	“When I experience pleasure and offense so mixed, I know I have a good opening into critical work- no matter where it leads me or how strange” (80).
This is just talking about women in general; how they are only looked at for eye candy and all and nothing else by society.	“We are not encouraged to ask about the woman in the ad as a woman, only as a shape” (83).
This was cool to me because when you find something beautiful, you really like it and take interest in it.	“When we judge something to be beautiful, it is because beauty is formally inherent in the object” (90).
She was angry because of the point of the advertisement that was shown. She did not like that the women were being shown like that.	“And the anger that I feel, the anger I have been trying to understand since first seeing the layout, is inseparable from the pleasures I have been describing” (93).

AE.

Personally, I think artwork is up for interpretation because there are so many different ways that people view artwork. So many things can help people decide whether or not they like the art or not, but bottom line, it comes down to the person that you are. It can look like one thing, but mean something totally different.

Thoughts.

This article was boring to me. The more I read it, the less interested I became in it. I understood what she was trying to say, but it was not something that I would read again.

Baron

Before You Read.

Technology is something that is supposed to help humans with basically EVERYTHING.  This is something that can range from like a bottle to a television or a computer. But, if we include electronics as technology, it could be easily insisted because they mostly have the most known and noticeable actions and uses.

Summary.

Baron, in his article, "From Pencils to Pixels", talks about how technology affects our writing abilities and how much easier it is to copy somebody else's work. He also talks about how it disrupts communication because it no longer (as much) is in person. Later on in his article, he talks about the history of the pencil and how it used to be related to constructors and their work. Then again, going back to communication he states how telephones have disrupted communication between people being in person too.

Synthesis.

One person that can be related to this is Brandt. Brandt talks about how sponsors are people that help/inspire you to write. Without having technology (computers, phones etc. which are the sponsors), then people may not be writing what they are today. A second person that this can be related to is Malcolm X. Here, he was limited of what he had to write with and to expand his learning because he was stuck in prison. Although he was in prison, he was able to still read books and use pencil and paper to write down some of his thoughts. Without technology, (books, pencils) then he would not have been able to do what he did while in prison.

Q.

The Unabomber was Theodore John Kaczynski. He was a murder. He used his writing to threaten others. He was very against anything that came from a computer. He basically stuck to paper and pencil.

Response	Quotation
This was interesting to me because I feel that depending on the reader, he or she has to make the decision for him/herself that a computer will either hurt or help writing. Personally, I don't think it does at all. I think it will make it better because of the amount of sources that are available and it is much quicker to type rather than write. -You don't have to sharpen computers.	“The computer, the latest development in writing technology, promises, or threatens, to change literacy practices for better or worse, depending on your point of view” (423).
This is just saying that times have changed a lot over the years. People don't own things anymore because they aren't necessary. Technology is improving so many things in people's everyday lives.	“We don't have typewriters in our offices anymore, or pencil sharpeners, or even printers with resolutions less than 300 dpi” (423).
Basically, this is stating that even though pencils aren't used as much anymore they were still very important in our past and they won'y be forgotten. What will come after computers?.... Just like the telegraph came after the pencil. Technology will always grow.	“The pencil may be old, but like the computer today and the telegraph in 1849, it is an indisputable example of a communication technology” (426).
This is saying that a computer is used today because of its latest and best technology. But, what will come after the computer? Will computers be left behind just as pencils were?	“-the computer is simply the latest step in a long line of writing technologies. In many ways its development parallels that of the pencil-hence my title- though the computer seems more complex and is undoubtedly more expensive” (425).
Over time, communication will change the way it happens. All people in the world won't be able to experience the best and latest technology. But there will always be new ideas.	“Each new literacy technology begins with a restricted communication function and is available only to a small number of initiates” (424).
	Thoughts.

Overall, I found this pretty interesting. I learned about some new things that I didn't know before. Something that really got to me was the idea of technology improving or acting as a detriment to our form of communication has been something that I figured about.

If I remember correctly and all, I think I was in 3rd or 4th grade when I was really able to start reading on my own and when I could actually put the words all together to make sense. I didn't really learn too much from being in school (just starting to read) but it was more from my parents. Growing up, my parents would always read me a bedtime story. This was something that I would always look forward to because it was so much fun at the time. One thing that I really remember reading is "The Night Before Christmas" with my dad and mom on Christmas Eve. I remember looking at all of the pictures and because we were only "able" to read this book once a year, I really enjoyed that. As I grew older, I took that same book and started reading it on my own even though it wasn't Christmas. One of my other favorite childhood books was "CHICKA CHICKA BOOM BOOM". I absolutely loved this book to death. The letters in it really drew me into the story and yes, I found it very funny as a child. -Though I do still like it. Anyways, that book could quite possibly be the reason why I am an art major now because I loved the way everything in that book looked. My parents were no doubt my greatest influence when it came to reading. Not saying that school didn't help, but without my parents, I wouldn't be where I am today. So I thank them. In all, looking back, I want to say that my early literary learning experience was something that I will never forget because it was such a great experience.

Brandt Oct 1

Before You Read.

It is easy to see and know that the U.S. culture encourages students to read in many ways. For one, something that I see a lot of about making reading better/encouraging is seeing something having to do with it on billboards. Television also has a lot of commercials and shows about reading. In everyday life, reading is very important and it is needed to survive in our culture today. Being a good reader/writer is personal I believe. It depends on the person themselves.

Summary.

In Brandt's article, "Sponsors of Literacy", she argues that sponsorship in writing is extremely important in our society. She thinks that as a nation, we need to push for higher/better literacy and writing. She also talks about history and it's development and also talks about the positives and negatives of women and their sponsorship.

Synthesis.

I think one person that can be related to Brandt's article is Porter. Porter's "Intertextuality and the Discourse Community" can be related to this because both of these discuss the importance of understanding the audience and what is appropriate to write to them. A second person that can be related to this is

Response	Quotation
To me, this is saying that every person has their own way of writing and it can be shown because of the writer's past experiences. People also learn how to become better writers over time. Practice makes perfect.	“The field of writing studies has had much to say about individual literacy development” (333).
This is saying that people are writing more about what is going on in our world/economy. They also focus of education, employment, civil rights and status. What happens in our world gives people something to write about.	“As ordinary citizens have been compelled into these economies, their reading and writing skills have grown sharply more central to the everyday trade of information and goods as well as to the pursuit of education, employment, civil rights, status” (333).
At the same time though, writers have become vulnerable to writing about everything in our world and about our economy. Is it good or bad? I am not sure. It depends on the person reading.	“At the same time, people's literate skills have grown vulnerable to unprecedented turbulence in their economic value, as conditions, forms, and standards of literacy achievement seems to shift with almost every new generation of learners” (333).
Sponsors are people that can help with whatever is needed. They will be there for guidance and can help with many things.	“In whatever form, sponsors deliver the ideological freight that must be borne for access to what they have” (335).
Again, sponsors make things a lot easier. They help explain a range of juman relationships and can be seen through a lot of different things.	“The concept of sponsors helps to explain, then, a range of human relationships and the ideological pressures that turn up at the scenes of literacy learning-- from benign sharing between adults and youths, to euphemized coercions in schools and workplaces, to the most notorious impositions and deprivations by church or state” (335).

MM.

Brandt's article basically discussed the understanding of the concepts of multiple or single literacies, strengthening reading abilities and what exactly that has shaped us as a writer.

Thoughts.

I thought this article was alright. Personally, it wasn't something that I would read again but it made me think. In my everyday life I can see how this can relate to it.

Project 1 Progress

So far, I have gotten most of my introduction written. -That including the syntheses. Although I do still need to add more to my synthesis! I want to find more people or sources to relate it all together. I need to start writing my body though. But at the same time, how much do I really need to write?.. What is the difference if I state (for a paragraph or two) bullet points rather than making a full paragraph? I think because my paper is dealing with the flow.. It can all be different. I plan on getting a few more sources and using what I have learned (from what we have been doing in class) to add to everything. I would also like to add more basic information or examples to my topic. I need to do more research on flow. I really liked the workshop. I hope that we can have more of those. Personally, it really made it a lot easier for someone else to read what I wrote so that they can tell me what they liked or didn't. I was able to get more ideas from other people and I believe that in the long run that will help with everything.

Bryson sept 24

Bryson.

Before You Read.

I consider good english to be something that is able to be understood and made clear. Bad english to me is throwing out words that don't make sense in the middle of sentences and not pronouncing words correctly. I believe I consider all of this because of how I was brought up. The english I use is what I am used to and what I consider good english.

Summary.

In Bryson's article, "Good English and Bad", he explains and talks about the "laws" of the English language. Yes, the English language is mainly from the Latin language, yet they aren't that similar. Overall, he goes on about the struggle of what "Good English" is and what "Bad English" is.

Synthesis.

I feel that one person that is able to connect with this article is Porter. Porter wants rules to be in place but shouldn't make the writer not be him/herself. He wants the writer to be able to write whatever they want without having to think that what they are writing is right or wrong. A second person I think that can relate to this is Dawkins. Both him and Bryson talk a little bit about the "rules" of the english language. Overall, there is really no right or wrong way to write.

Response	Quotation
To me, this is saying that within our nation, English is what we make of it. People may say things differently, but most people will be able to understand them if they are from this nation.	“In English, in short, we possess a language in which the parts of speech are almost entirely notional” (61).
This was funny to me because the English language can be very confusing. There are so many things that people don't understand even though we speak the language everyday.	“The complexities of English are such that the authorities themselves often stumble” (61).
I found this cool because our language came from Latin grammar. I have never taken the language Latin, but I hear it is very close to the English language. -This is why.	“The early authorities not only used Latin grammar as their model, but actually went to the almost farcical length of writing English grammars in that language..” (62).
There is really no “one person” to have them say something is right or wrong about the English language. The language just relies on what has happened over time.	“Without an official academy to guide us, the English-speaking world has long relied on self-appointed authorities such as..” (64).

Thoughts.

This wasn't my favorite article to read. Yes, Bryson does a good job at explaining everything and what he had to say was very interesting. I was able to learn more about the "rules" of the english language.




Dawkins.

Before you Read.

1. My sister's tree house,  made of wood, scraps and cardboard was a great place to play with her friends.
2. My sister's tree house, made of wood, scraps and cardboard, made a great place to play with her friends.
3. My sister's tree house made a great place to play with her friends; it was made of wood scraps and cardboard.

In the first sentence I used two commas to break up the information. In the second sentence I used three commas to break up the information so that it was different than the first. In the third sentence, I used a semi-colon to break the sentence into two parts.

Summary.

In Dawkin's article, "Teaching Punctuation as a Rehtorical Tool", he basically is trying to say that people have issues with understanding punctuation rules. He says in what manners we can actually use punctuation and when it is necessary. He also says that there really isn't too many ways to use punctuation in a wrong way. Overall, he just gives so many examples having to do with punctuation.

Synthesis.

For one, I believe that McCloud can be related to this article. Dawkin used visuals in his article and I found that very helpful to visually see what he was talking about. It helped get the point across. Second, I feel that Porter is another person that can be related in this article. I think this because it seems that both Porter and Dawkin think that the writer should be able to write without worrying if what they are writing is incorrect or not.

Response	Quotation
When I read this I basically just thought that it was said in a way that punctuation is so normal. No one really thinks about not having it in writing. It is just a “mechanic” of writing. Ordinary.	“Punctuation-just one the “mechanics” of writing, after all..” (140).
For me this was saying that handbooks give no room for lead way. They are straight and right to the point. If you follow what the handbooks say, it won't be the best work produced.	“According to the handbooks, Orwell is wrong, for their rules are essentially a right-or-wrong approach, providing little-if any-basis for considering options according to rhetorical intentions” (141).
This is just saying that there are many ways to write a sentence. Using different punctuation, it is possible to say a sentence many different ways.	“-there is a number of other options for making this boundary between independent clauses” (142).
Again, I just think it is very interesting to see that with punctuation, sentences can be written in so many different ways.	“Sentences can be analyzed as single independent clauses with or without attachments or as multiple independent clauses with or without attachments” (143).

Q5.

Personally I learned that punctuation can vary depending on the writer of the article. There really isn't a right or wrong way to use punctuation. -It depends on who you talk to.

MM.

I feel that my teacher wanted me to read this because I am able to learn a lot from just this simple article. It was very through and I did learn some new things. I will be able to use what I have learned and put it towards my work for the future.

Thoughts.

I feel that he talked a lot about the same information over and over. yes, it was effective and all but maybe a little too much. Punctuation is very important and can help get points across easier in anything a reader is reading. I did learn some new things, so it wasn't a waste.